Friction type and pressure bearing type of steel structure bolts

The bolt connector of steel structure is also composed of bolt rod, nut and washer. It is made of high strength steel (such as 20 MN Ti B, 40 b, 45 steel) after heat treatment. The steel structure bolt connection uses the special wrench to tighten the steel structure bolt, applies the specified pre tension force to it.  
The shear connection of steel structure bolt is divided into friction type and shear compression type (or pressure bearing type) according to the force transmission mode. Steel structure bolts are divided into large hexagon head type and torsion shear type. During installation, a special wrench is used to tighten the nut with a large torque to produce a large pre tension of the screw.  
The pre tension of the steel structure bolt clamps the connected parts, which makes the contact surface of the parts produce great friction force, and the external force is transmitted through the friction force. This connection is called friction type connection of steel structure bolt.  
It has the advantages of convenient construction, less weakening of components, replaceable, able to bear dynamic load, fatigue resistance, good toughness and plasticity. It contains the respective advantages of ordinary bolt and rivet connection, and has become an excellent connection form instead of riveting.

In addition, the steel structure screw can also be the same as the ordinary bolt, which allows the contact surface to slip, and transfers the force by the pressure between the bolt rod and the bolt hole. This connection is called steel structure bolt bearing connection.   
The friction type steel structure bolt shear connection depends on the friction force of the contact surface of the clamped plate bundle. Once the friction force is overcome, the connected components will slip, which is considered to be in the failure state.  
For shear compression steel structure bolt shear connection, it is assumed that after the friction force of the plate bundle contact surface is overcome, the bolt rod contacts the hole wall (the diameter of the bolt is 1.0 ~ 1.5 mm larger than the rod), and the force is transmitted by the bolt shear resistance and the hole wall pressure.
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